پالیندروم(واروخوانه یا قلب مستوی هم گفته می شود) به کلمه، جمله (رشته ای از کلمات) یا اعدادی گفته می شود که از دو طرف (راست به چپ و چپ به راست) دقیقا به یک شکل خوانده می شوند. (در واقع از دو طرف متقارن هستند.)

مثلا واژه “رادار” یا “بابک و کباب” و عدد “۱۴۵۶۵۴۱” همگی مثالهایی از پالیندروم هستند.

واژه پالیندروم، از دو کلمه با ریشه ای یونانی بوجود آمده است: پالین (πάλιν)، به معنای مجدد، تکرار، و دروموس (δρóμος) به معنای راه و مسیر.

یکی از طولانی ترین متون پالیندروم، دارای ۱۷۲۵۹ واژه است. برای دیدن این متن،اینجاکلیک کنید. (اگر فرصت دارید متن را یک بار از اول تا آخر و یکبار از آخر به اول بخوانید!)

تعدادی واژه‌های پالیندروم فارسی (یا متداول در فارسی) در اینجا آمده است:

دو حرفی:
دَد، کَک، شِش، شُش، سُس

سه حرفی:
نان، دود، توت، درد، گرگ، داد، کشک، کلک، کتک، کیک، کپک، کوک، کَبک، کمک، کاک (نوعی شیرینی)، دید، دهد، تخت، بمب، پمپ، پیپ، موم، گنگ، شوش، دزد، همه، ساس، شپش، تشت، لال، اما، یکی، آیا، آرا، تبت، لیل، قُرُق، میم، نون، واو

بیش از سه حرف:
رادار، مادام، داماد، همهمه

در متون قدیمی به پدیده پالیندروم، مقلوب مستوی، بالانعکاس و جناس مالایستحیل هم می‌گفتند. چند نمونه قلب مستوی در متون قدیمی پارسی:

در بیت زیر، هر مصرع یک قلب مستوی (پالیندروم) می باشد:

شکّر بترازوی وزارت برکش / شو همره بلبل بلب هر مهوش

***

مثال قلب مستوی (پالیندروم) در یک بیت:

رامش مرد گنج باری و قوت

تو قوی را بجنگ در مشمار.

***

مثال قلب مستوی (پالیندروم) در کل یک غزل:

آرام برای حور دارم یارا

زین شوخ مراد ما دمی مرگ روا

امشب می و کنجی و همه شب همره

خوش ناز منی بلا مجو مرگ مرا

آیم بر حرب زور ای مه ناخوش

شو خانه میا روز بر حرب میا

آرم کرم و جمال بینم زآن شوخ

هر مه بشیم هیچ نگویم بشما

آور که می مدام دارم خوش نیز

آرای مراد روح یا رب ما را.

پدیده پالیندروم علاوه بر حروف و اعداد، در طبیعت نیز یافت می شوند. برای نمونه در شکل زیر، توالیهای قابل تشخیص DNA و بروز پالیندروم در آن را مشاهده می کنید:

لیست جملات و اصطلاحات انگلیسی پالیندروم

ضمیمه: 
لیست جملات و اصطلاحات انگلیسی پالیندروم (به ترتیب حروف الفبا):

A but tuba.
A car, a man, a maraca.
A dog, a plan, a canal: pagoda.
A dog! A panic in a pagoda!
A lad named E. Mandala
A man, a plan, a canal: Panama.
A man, a plan, a cat, a ham, a yak, a yam, a hat, a canal-Panama!
A new order began, a more Roman age bred Rowena.
A nut for a jar of tuna.
A Santa at Nasa.
A Santa dog lived as a devil God at NASA.
A slut nixes sex in Tulsa.
A tin mug for a jar of gum, Nita.
A Toyota! Race fast, safe car! A Toyota!
A Toyota’s a Toyota.
Able was I ere I saw Elba.
Acrobats stab orca.
Aerate pet area.
Ah, Satan sees Natasha!
Aibohphobia (fear of palindromes)
Air an aria.
Al lets Della call Ed Stella.
Amen icy cinema.
Amore, Roma.
Amy, must I jujitsu my ma?
Animal loots foliated detail of stool lamina.
Anne, I vote more cars race Rome to Vienna.
Are Mac ‘n’ Oliver ever evil on camera?
Are we not drawn onward to new era?
Are we not drawn onward, we few, drawn onward to new era?
Are we not pure? “No sir!” Panama’s moody Noriega brags. “It is garbage!” Irony dooms a man; a prisoner up to new era.
Art, name no tub time. Emit but one mantra.
As I pee, sir, I see Pisa!
Avid diva.

Baby Bab
Bar an arab.
Barge in! Relate mere war of 1991 for a were-metal Ernie grab!
Bird rib.
Bombard a drab mob.
Borrow or rob?
Bursitis Rub
Bush saw Sununu swash sub.

Cain: a maniac.
“Cain, a motor erotomaniac was Eve,” said I as Eve saw Cain, “a motor erotomaniac!”
Camp Mac
Campus motto: Bottoms up Mac.
Cigar? Toss it in a can. It is so tragic.

Daedalus: nine. Peninsula: dead.
Dammit, I’m mad!
Decaf and DNA faced.
Dee saw a seed.
Degas, are we not drawn onward, no? In union, drawn onward to new eras aged?
Delia saw I was ailed.
Denim axes examined.
“Dennis and Edna dine,” said I, as Enid and Edna sinned.
Dennis and Edna sinned.
Dennis sinned.
Dennis, Eve saw Eden if as a fine dew, as Eve sinned.
Dennis, Nell, Edna, Leon, Nedra, Anita, Rolf, Nora, Alice, Carol, Leo, Jane, Reed, Dena, Dale, Basil, Rae, Penny, Lana, Dave, Denny, Lena, Ida, Bernadette, Ben, Ray, Lila, Nina, Jo, Ira, Mara, Sara, Mario, Jan, Ina, Lily, Arne, Bette, Dan, Reba, Diane, Lynn, Ed, Eva, Dana, Lynne, Pearl, Isabel, Ada, Ned, Dee, Rena, Joel, Lora, Cecil, Aaron, Flora, Tina, Arden, Noel, and Ellen sinned.
Dentist? Sit Ned.
Depardieu, go razz a rogue I draped.
Desserts I desire not, so long no lost one rise distressed.
Desserts, I stressed!
“Desserts, sis?” (Sensuousness is stressed).
Devil never even lived.
Dial Laid
Did Hannah see bees? Hannah did.
Did I cite Operas Are Poetic? I did.
Did I do, O God, did I as I said I’d do? Good! I did.
Did I draw Della too tall, Edward? I did?
Did mom pop? Mom did.
Didi won straw warts. Now I did.
Do geese see God?
Do good? I? No! Evil anon I deliver. I maim nine more hero-men in Saginaw, sanitary sword a-tuck, Carol, I — lo! — rack, cut a drowsy rat in Aswan. I gas nine more hero-men in Miami. Reviled, I (Nona) live on. I do, O God!
Do nine men interpret? Nine men. I nod.
Do not bob to nod.
Do offer ref food.
Do, O God, no evil deed! Live on! Do good!
Doc, note, I Dissent. A fast never prevents a fatness. I diet on cod.
Dog doo? Good God!
Dog! No poop on God!
Dogma in my hymn: I am God.
Dogma: I am God
Don’t nod.
Doom mood
Dr. Awkward
Drab as a fool, aloof as a bard.
Drat Saddam! Mad dastard!
Drat such custard!
Draw Kwan awkward.
Draw nine men inward.
Draw O Caesar. Erase a coward.
Draw pupil’s lip upward.
Draw Ward
Draw, O coward!
Drawer’s reward.
Drawn onward.
Drawn, I sit; serene rest is inward.
Dubya won? No way, bud.
Dumb mud.

Ed, I hung a gnu hide!
Ed, I saw Harpo Marx ram Oprah W. aside.
Egad! A base life defiles a bad age.
Egad! A base tone denotes a bad age.
Egad! An adage!
Egad! Loretta has Adams as mad as a hatter. Old age!
Egad! No bondage?
Elba Kramer saw I was remarkable.
Elite tile.
Elk rap song? No sparkle.
Em to Greg: Gad! A dagger got me!
Emily’s sassy lime
Emu love volume.
Enid and Edna dine.
Ere I saw Elba, able was I ere.
Ergo, a ogre
Erupt on Naomi? I moan, “Not pure!”
Eva use Suave.
Eva, can I stab bats in a cave?
Eve damned Eden. Mad Eve!
Eve saw Diamond, erred. No maid was Eve!
“Evil axis”, sides reversed, is “six alive”.
Evi saves God dogs (evasive).
Evil did I dwell, lewd I did live.
Evil olive
Evil rats on no star live.
Evil, a sin, is alive.
Ew! Eat a ewe?

Flee to me, remote elf.

Gabe’s on a nosebag.
Gaby H.’s art saved Eva’s trashy bag.
Galoots, too, lag.
Gate man sees name, garage man sees name tag.
Gnu dung.
Go deliver a dare, vile dog!
Go dog.
Go hang a salami, I’m a lasagna hog.
God lived as a devil dog.
God lives, evil dog.
God saw I was dog.
God, Art! Name no pup “One Mantra Dog.”
God! A red nugget! A fat egg under a dog!
God’s dog.
Goddamn mad dog!
Goldenrod-adorned log.
Golf? No sir, prefer prison-flog.

Harass Sarah.
Harass sensuousness, Sarah.
Harpo: not on Oprah.
He did, eh?
He nips; send a man Anan! A madness pin eh?
He won snow, eh?
He won! Killer! Rad Darrell I know, eh?
Hey, Roy! Am I mayor? Yeh!
Hon? I see bees in – OH!

I did, did I?
I made border bard’s drowsy swords; drab, red robed am I.
I prefer pi.
I roamed under it as a tired, nude Maori.
I saw a crow, orca was I.
I saw desserts; I’d no lemons, alas no melon! Distressed was I.
I saw Ed under Deb’s bed; red, nude was I.
I, man, am regal; a German am I.
I’m a lasagna hog, go hang a salami.
I’m a lasagna, bang a salami.
I’m a pup, am I?
I’m a tune nut, am I?
I’m a fool; aloof am I.
If I fret, fasten nets after Fifi.
If I had a hi-fi…
In a regal age ran I.
In word salad, alas, drown I.
In words, alas, drown I.
In words, drown I.
Is it I? It is I!

Kay, a red nude, peeped under a yak.

Lag not, Eno! No gong! Get up! Put eggnog on one-ton gal!
Lager, sir, is regal.
Laid at a dial.
Laminated E.T. animal.
Late metal.
Lay a wallaby baby ball away, Al.
Leon’s noel.
Lepers repel.
Let O’Hara gain an inn in a Niagara hotel.
Let Omro open one poor motel.
Liam’s mail.
Lid off a daffodil.
Lion oil.
Lisa Bonet ate no basil.
Live dirt up a side track carted is a putrid evil.
Live evil.
Live no evil! Live on evil!
Live not on evil.
Live, O Devil, revel ever! Live! Do evil!
Lived on Decaf; faced no Devil.
Llama mall.
Lonely Tylenol.
Loops at a spool.

Ma has a ham.
Ma is a madam, as I am.
Ma is a nun, as I am.
Ma is as selfless as I am.
“Ma,” Jerome raps pot top, “Spare more jam!”
Mad as Adam.
Madam in Eden, I’m Adam.
Madam, I’m Adam.
Madam, in Eden I’m Adam
Madame, not one man is selfless; I name not one, madam.
Mail Liam
Malayalam
Maps, DNA, and spam.
Marge lets Norah see Sharon’s telegram.
Marge, lets send a sadness telegram.
Margot trades used art to gram.
Max exam.
May a moody baby doom a yam?
Meet animals; laminate ‘em.
Mega gem.
Mirror rim
Mother Eve’s noose we soon sever, eh Tom?
Mr. Owl ate my metal worm.
Murder for a jar of red rum.
Must sell at tallest sum.
My gay rub won, Star. Rats now bury a gym.
My gym.

Nail a tired rotini in it, order Italian!
Naive Evian
Name no one man.
Name no side in Eden, I’m mad! A maid I am, Adam mine; denied is one man.
Name not one man.
Name now one man.
Name tarts? No, medieval slave, I demonstrate man!
Name’s Abel, a male, base man.
Naomi, did I moan?
Nat tan
Nate bit a tibetan.
Ned, I am a maiden.
Ned! go gag Ogden!
Neil, an alien.
Nella risks all: “I will ask Sir Allen!”
Nemo’s omen.
Never odd or even.
Niagara, eh? I hear again!
Niagara, O roar again!
No “x” in “Nixon.”
No cab, no tuna nut on bacon.
No demerits tire me, Don.
No devil lived on.
No evil shahs live on.
No lemon, no melon.
No lemons, no melon.
No sir! Away! A papaya war is on.
No trace, not one carton.
No, I save on final perusal – a sure plan if no evasion.
No, I tan at a nation.
No, I told Ed “lotion.”
No, it can assess an action.
No, it is open on one position.
No, it is opposed: art sees trade’s opposition.
No, it is opposition.
No, it never propagates if I set a gap or prevention
No, it’s Abe Sebastion.
No, it’s a bar of gold – a bad log for a bastion.
No, Mel Gibson is a casino’s big lemon.
No, Miss Lianne draws as Warden nails Simon.
No, sir, away! A papaya war is on!
No, Sir, panic is a basic in a prison.
No, son! Onanism’s a gross orgasm sin – a no-no, son!
No, tie it on.
Nod off, obese boffo don.
Nola’s salon.
Norma is as selfless as I am, Ron.
Not a banana baton.
Now do I repay a period won.
Now ere we nine were held idle here, we nine were won.
Now I draw an award. I won!
Now I see bees I won.
Now I won.
NOW NO SWIMS ON MON (Upside down).
Nurse, I spy gypsies. Run!
Nurses run.

O Geronimo, no minor ego.
O, stone, be not so.
Oh no! Don Ho!
Oh, cameras are macho.
Olson is in Oslo.
On a clover, if alive, erupts a vast, pure evil; a fire volcano.
Oozy rat in a sanitary zoo.
Oprah deified Harpo.
Otto made Ned a motto.
Otto sees Otto.

Pa’s a sap.
Party boobytrap.
Pass mom’s sap.
Pets tell Abe ballet step.
Pooh animals slam in a hoop.
Pool loop.
Poor Dan is in a droop.
Pot top.
POW, ami! O’ Gad, ami! Go hang a salami, doc! Note; I dissent. A fast never prevents a fatness. I diet on cod. I’m a lasagna hog. I’m a dago! I’m a wop!
Pull up if I pull up.
Pull up, Eva, we’re here! Wave! Pull up!
Pusillanimity obsesses Boy Tim in All Is Up.
Put Eliot’s toilet up.

Race fast, safe car!
Rae hired Leif as a fielder, I hear…
Rail delivers reviled liar
Rats at a bar grab at a star.
Rats live on no evil star.
Rats paraded a rapstar.
Raw Novel? Lev on War.
Red I.V.? I derail Ali, a redivider.
Red root put up to order.
Red rum, sir, is murder.
Repel a leper.
Retracting, I sign it, Carter.
Revered now, I live on. O did I do no evil, I wonder, ever?
“Reviled did I live,” said I, “as evil I did deliver!”
Reward drawer.
Rise to vote sir.
Ron! OH! Sex in a Toyota nixes honor!
Rot a renegade, wed a generator.
“Rum… rum…” I murmur.

Salt an atlas.
Satan, oscillate my metallic sonatas!
Saw tide rose? So red it was.
See, slave, I demonstrate yet arts no medieval sees.
Sega? Millions! Alas, no ill images!
Selim’s tired – no wonder, it’s miles!
Semite times.
Senile felines.
Seven eves.
Sex at noon taxes.
Sex-aware era waxes.
Sh…Tom sees moths.
Sir, I eye Iris.
Sir, I’m Iris.
“Sissy as a nana” says sis.
Sit on a potato pan Otis!
Slap a ham on Omaha, pals.
Smart rams.
So Ida, adios.
So many dynamos!
So, cat tacos!
Solo gigolos.
Some emos
Some men interpret nine memos.
Soreya, say eros.
Stab nail at ill Italian bats.
Stack cats.
Star comedy by Democrats.
Star rats.
Star? Come, Donna Melba, I’m an amiable man – no Democrats!
Stella won no wallets.
Step on no pets.
Step pals never even slap pets.
Steven, I left an oily lion at feline vets.
Stop on no pots.
Stop pots.
Stop! Murder us not, tonsured rumpots!
Strap on no parts.
Straw warts
Straw? No, too stupid a fad; I put soot on warts.
Stressed desserts
Stressed was I ere I saw desserts.
Stressed? No tips? Spit on desserts.
Stunt nuts.
Sums are not set as a test on Erasmus.
Swap God for a janitor; rot in a jar of dog paws.

T. Eliot, top bard, notes putrid tang emanating, is sad. I’d assign it a name: gnat dirt upset on drab pot-toilet.
Tahitti hat.
Tangy gnat.
Tarzan raised Desi Arnaz’ rat.
Tell a ballet.
Ten animals I slam in a net.
Test tube butt set.
Tide net safe soon; a noose fastened it.
“Tie Mandie,” I’d name it.
Tino dump mud on it.
Tips spill, lips spit.
Tis but a tub. Sit.
To idiot.
Todd erases a red dot.
Tons I tore his kayaks – I, hero, ’tis not.
Tons o’ snot.
Too bad I hid a boot.
Too far, Edna, we wander afoot.
Too hot to hoot.
Top spot.
Top step’s pup’s pet spot.
Trays simple help, missy art!
Tsetse’s test.
Tube debut.
Tulsa night life: filth, gin, a slut.
Tuna nut.
Tuna roll or a nut?

UFO tofu.

Walmart’s tram law.
Wanna tan? Naw.
Warsaw was raw.
Was it a bar or a bat I saw?
Was it a bat I saw?
Was it a car or a cat I saw?
Was it a cat I saw?
Was it a rat I saw?
Was it Eliot’s toilet I saw?
Waste Pa, pet saw.
We few.
We panic in a pew.
We sew, ewe sew.
We sew.
Wet sanitary rat in a stew.
Wet stew.
Wo Nemo toss a lasso to me now!
Won kiosk. So, I know.
Won tons? Not now.
Won’t I panic in a pit now?
Won’t it now?
Won’t lovers revolt now?
Wonder if Sununu’s fired now.
Wonders in Italy, Latin is red now.
Wonton? Not now.

Ya, Decaf. FACE DAY!!
Ya! Pizza zip pizazz! I pay.
Yawn a more Roman way.
Yawn…Madonna fan? No damn way!!
Ye boil! I obey!
Yen o’ money.
Yo banana boy!
Yo bozo boy!
Yo bro! Free beer for boy!
Yo, banana boy!
Yo, Bob! Mug o’ gumbo, boy!
Yo, bottoms up! (U.S. motto, boy.)
Yreka Bakery.

Zeus was deified, saw Suez.

لیست اسامی پالیندروم (به ترتیب حروف الفبا):

Ana
Anna
Elle
Eve
Hanah
Hannah
Zerimar Ramirez (اسم واقعی یک شخص می باشد.)
Zerorez (نام یک شرکت نظافت فرش)
Ogopogo

لیست مکان های پالیندروم (به ترتیب حروف الفبا):

Glenelg (Australia)
Kanakanak (Alaska)
Kinikinik (Colorado)
Navan (Meath, Ireland)
Neuquen (Argentina)
Ward Draw (South Dakota)
Wassamassaw (South Carolina)
Yreka Bakery (Yreka, California)
Renner (South Dakota)
Semmes (Alabama)
Glenelg (cities in Ontario, Maryland, and Austrailia)
Capac (Michigan)
Kanakanak (Alaska)
Kinikinik (Colorado)
Lon Nol (Vietnam)
Navan (Ireland)
Tumut (Australia)
Ward Draw (South Dakota)
Wassamassaw (South Carolina)

لیست کلمات انگلیسی پالیندروم (به ترتیب حروف الفبا):

aibohphobia
alula
boob
cammac
civic
deified
deleveled
detartrated
devoved
dewed
evitative
kayak
lemel
level
madam
Malayalam (language)
minim
mom
murdrum
noon
party-trap
peeweep
racecar
radar
redder
refer
reifier
repaper
reviver
rotator
rotavator
rotor
sagas
sexes
solos
spacecaps
stats
tenet
terret
testset

منبع:https://www.ihoosh.ir

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نوشته پالیندروم (واروخوانه یا قلب مستوی هم گفته می شود) اولین بار در سازمان پیشاهنگی استان فارس. پدیدار شد.